After my premier post here at Target Focus Training, I received a lot of comments, and many of them sounded something like this:
“Charles I love what you’re saying, but I have (insert injury of choice here)… I’m not sure if I can follow your recommendations, so what would you recommend?”
So for all of you who are dealing with injuries (past and/or current), and for those of you who are concerned about avoiding future injury, I’m about to spill my best advice on you right now. I do request one caveat however: as you read the 7 tips below, please make peace with the fact that every injury is different, requiring individualized strategies.
This “primer” on injury management employs a principle-based approach… there’s an old saying that “methods are many, but principles are few.” The take-home lesson is that when you’re dealing with a complicated, multi-faceted problem, falling back on principles is the best way to stay on track. At the end of this post, I’ll make an announcement for those of you who may be interested in more detailed supervision, which may certainly be warranted in some cases.
Now on to the tips.
Over the course of my athletic career, I’ve had my share of injuries, but fortunately, I’ve avoided truly life-altering injuries, and today, at age 52, I can do pretty much anything I want (physically-speaking) without being held back by physical restrictions. Again, part of this is sheer luck, but I also believe that I’ve been very smart with respect to how I handle myself during my workouts, and in everyday “lifestyle” choices and decisions. So with that in hand, let’s get started:
1. If You’re Not Assessing, You’re Just Guessing
In this case, by “assessing,” I really mean “diagnosis.” Now, I’m not saying that if you should run to the doctor for every little thing— far from it. But if you tweaked your knee three weeks ago and it’s still bothering you, you’ve gotta find out what you’re dealing with, and also to develop some baseline data in the event that you have additional problems in the future.
At this point I feel compelled to share a few thoughts about negotiating the medical system here in the US: Very few doctors actually know how to promote health, and I think you’re better off if you don’t have the expectation that they do. What doctors do fairly well however, is fix problems once they’ve already occurred. My personal approach is to consider my health MY responsibility, and then go to the doctor when occasional problems show up (and I’m mostly talking orthopedic issues here by the way, not life-threatening diseases).
Also realize that most doctors will not be terribly enthusiastic about helping a 70-year old solve a low back problem so that he can resume his weight-training program. A doctor’s primary mindset is to minimize risk, but as I’ll explain in tip #3 below, often calculated, intelligent risks must be made to solve certain orthopedic issues.
With all of the above in mind, if you sustain an injury, stop what you’re doing and assess the situation. If you have severe pain and/or other distressing symptoms such as numbing, paralysis, or blood loss (!), yes, call a doctor immediately. However, if you’ve “strained” a muscle, or experience mild to moderate muscle and/or joint pain, again, stop the offending activity that caused it, apply ice to the injury site, and give it a few days to recover. My operational rule of thumb for things like this is that, if the injury seems to be getting noticeably better with each passing day, ride it out. If not, get some professional help and find out whats wrong.
2. Respect The Injury But Do Not Let It Define You
Years ago I worked in a Chiropractic office, where I learned an eye-opening lesson: quite often, people would walk in with disabling low-back pain, and upon reviewing the patient’s x-rays, no mechanical issues could be found. In contrast to this, on more than a few occasions, a patient with no back pain would receive an x-ray for a non-spine-related problem, and amazingly, the doctor would notice significant low-back damage!
The lesson is that there are those among us who have what most people would consider life-altering physical problems, yet these people seem totally unaffected. Other people live in constant pain, despite the fact that extensive diagnostic procedures fail to uncover the underlying cause.
The bottom line for me is that you must acknowledge and respect your physical limitations, but far too many of us give these problems more credit than they deserve. Certainly a balance must be struck here, but I know a competitive lifter who, in his 50’s, with a fused lumbar spine, who squatted over 900 pounds in competition. I know another gentleman in his 40’s who squatted 600 pounds on not one, but two artificial knees. If that were not enough, here’s single-amputee Terry Smith competing in the World Championships in powerlifting:
I guess if I were a doctor, I’d tell you not to take risks. And sometimes that approach is certainly warranted. But I’m not a doctor, and I believe that reward requires risk. My only goal in tip #2 is to keep that thought in mind.
3. Break The Cycle
Take a quick look at the diagram to the left. #1 signifies an injury. Let’s say you tweaked your knee while out on a hike. #2 represents a reduction in activity due to pain from that injury. Staying with our hiking example, you suddenly (and perhaps unconsciously) begin to use less knee flexion/extension as you walk in an effort to protect the painful joint. Now your gait is more straight legged than normal as you move from your hips rather than your knees. This eases the pain, but over time, it creates a new problem — #3: your quadricep muscles (which are responsible for knee health and functioning) begin to atrophy. Which leads to #4: an exacerbation of the original injury due to quadriceps wasting.
Somehow, this cycle must be interrupted, which of course, requires risk. In more serious situations (such as a severely-herniated lumbar disk for example) it’s wise to seek medical assistance. But in less severe situations, you may be able to do it yourself. That’s where the next tip come into play…
4. Boil The Frog
When I was recovering from my second total open synovectomy surgery on my right knee in 1986, I would never have guessed that I’d be squatting weight like this 26 years later:
Tim Larkin comment:
__________________
Charles is much too modest to note it… but what you just watched was his recent lifetime PR (personal record) squat of 380# !
It took time, but here’s how I did it: My first squat sessions were embarrassingly weak. I think I started with 3 sets of 5 reps with my bodyweight only, and with limited depth, which I monitored and controlled (see tip 5 and 7 below) by using a box as a target. My knee reacted poorly at first, rewarding my efforts with pain and swelling. But after 10-12 sessions using the above parameters, the knee began to begrudgingly accept the challenge and my symptoms began to subside. When this happened, I responded by gradually and progressively increasing my depth, an inch at a time, until a reached a “thighs parallel” position that you see in the video above. Once I reached this depth, I gradually and progressively began to increase the challenge by adding weight, first with 25-pound barbell, then a 35, then 45 pounds, and so on.
My successes were interspersed with occasional setbacks by the way — it was very much a “three steps up, one step back” type of a process. But I ultimately succeeded because I applied a method that was harmonious with known laws of “adaptation:” if given a chance, the body’s tissues will positively respond to applied stressors by becoming thicker, stronger, and generally more resistant to the very stresses it is responding to. The key take-home points here are progressive and gradual. There’s no room for ego and instant gratification when it comes to rehabbing injuries.
Footnote: My surgeon (who I owe a great debt of gratitude to) warned me that I’d likely be back every 2 years for clean-up surgeries for my “disease” (which is called synovial osteo-chondromatosis). As I mentioned earlier, my last surgery was in ’86. Again, I’d rather take charge of my own health, and consult the docs when it doesn’t work.
5. Monitor & Document Symptoms
I’d now like to elaborate a bit more on my knee-rehab experiment we were just talking about. In my training journal (if you don’t have one, I’d recommend that you start one), I would keep what I called an “O-Rating” (“O” for “orthopedic”). So for example, in addition to documenting the workout date, the exercise I did, the weight I used, how many sets reps I did, and other factors such as the range of motion used, I’d also notate (on a 1 to 5 scale) how much pain/discomfort I experienced. If/when my pain reached a “3” I’d keep the parameters (weight, sets & reps) constant every workout until my O-Rating was reduced to a 2 or lower. Then I’d increase the challenge again during the next workout.
In other words, document not only the stress you apply, but also your body’s reaction to this stress. Only in this way can you control the rehab process with sufficient precision to get the result you’re after
6. Become Your Own Scientist
Allow me a bit more elaboration on our discussion…
When a scientist is testing a hypothesis, he holds all variables constant, except for one, which is the variable he’s testing the effect of. You need to do the same thing. Here’s a practical example of this concept: when I was rehabbing my knee, my only knee-related exercise was squats. I didn’t do lunges, leg extensions, or step-ups, and I didn’t cycle or run either. I wanted to test the effect of squats on my knee. If I had chosen to perform (for example) squats, leg curls, and calf raises, and my workout kicked up my orthopedic symptoms, I wouldn’t know which exercise to attribute them to.
There are many good or potentially good exercises to choose from, but when in rehab, you’ve got to pick your battles, otherwise you’ll linger in a state of perpetual confusion. Imagine that you’re trying to lose weight, and you go on a low carb diet, start taking a fat-loss supplement, and a new exercise program to boot — how would you know to attribute your results to? Resolving injury issues requires environmental awareness and control.
7. Choose Your Activities Wisely
Finally, an important point on physical activity choices.
For many people, the very exercises or activities that have been chosen to solve problems actually create problems. There are many examples, but I’ll just list a few:
- Jogging: For men, jogging (especially when combined with a vegan diet) is perhaps the most effective form of non-surgical gender-re-assignment possible. All of the qualities we associate with masculinity— strength, power, muscularity, and testosterone levels, are all diminished through chronic jogging. For women, it works similarly: the most successful female distance runners look like pre-pubescent boys. Women who do not possess these physical characteristics will suffer injuries as the body attempts to adapt itself in that direction. For both genders, jogging is tedious, time-consuming, and one of the least effective ways to lose weight. No wonder most people hate it.
- Ab Exercises: Sit-ups and crunches don’t make your abs more visible, but they do wreak havoc on your lumbar spine. Why anyone does them is completely beyond me.
- Stretching: I’m all for having optimal levels of mobility, but stretching (especially the way most people do it) is somewhere between a complete waste of time and injury-promoting. Better to use full range of motion resistance-training movements and develop strength and mobility simultaneously.
I’m confident that these 7 tips will serve you well in your fitness endeavors. I’d love to see you start applying them for yourself, and please leave a comment if you have a question or would like clarification on any of these points.
–Charles Staley
Guest Strength & Conditioning columnist
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Tim Larkin comment:
I realize in Charles’ first three blog posts he covered a lot of ground. He threw out some concepts and ideas that likely challenged your existing beliefs about fitness; some that were probably difficult for you to wrap your brain around; and others that some of you may just plain disagree with (heck, even Charles and I don’t see eye-to-eye on everything in the fitness world).
But I learned long ago not to ignore anything he says until I’ve tested it myself. He’s changed my mind more than once about some fitness or strength concept I was convinced I had right.
Given that, he promised when we began this little experiment he’d open a bit of time to those of you that would like to explore your situation/goals in a one-on-one environment with him (see his comments about “assessments” above).
And since many of you have asked, I wanted to let you know we’re about to open that opportunity. Understand, his time is limited and it’s not free (he generally averages $250/hr but this varies by situation, and, as we at TFT strive to do, he always over-delivers).
What you’re looking at here is an insider-pass that lets you “cut-in-line” ahead of others waiting to request his coaching and advice because of this special block of time allocated to our TFT family.
In approximately three weeks, Charles will offer two different services to you:
- Program Analysis/Course Correction: After submitting your responses to an in-depth questionnaire, you’ll connect with Charles on a 45-minute phone conversation where he’ll make recommendations and suggestions based on your current training (Initially this option will be reserved for those currently engaged in some type of workout/training regimen — we’ll expand this to other areas later).
- Hands-on training with Charles in Scottsdale, Arizona: Charles suggests staying long enough for 3 training sessions with him, but custom packages can be arranged (This option is available for anyone, regardless of training experience).
I realize this won’t fit everyone initially but let’s see how it works before expanding or tweaking.
And since I personally know, trust and am recommending Charles, TFT will stand behind his work with you. Obviously he can’t wave a hand over your knee and magically make new cartilage appear but it’s rare when he can’t move you up the performance scale (or down the pain spectrum) — or both.
So keep an eye on your e-mail in-box for an announcement about these new offerings. We’re all excited about them.
(If it’s something you’re sure you’d like to know more about, use this link to let us know and we’ll include you in the initial email. You’re not committing to anything; just letting him know you’re interested.)
As I told you before, working with Charles revolutionized my own approach to training, and I’m confident he can do that for you, as well…
–Tim




Thanks for the great info.
My question is, your article today isn’t the first time I’ve heard that one should refrain from doing ab exercises. I’ve been told everything from I should only be doing “proper ab exercises” (whatever that is), to not needing to work the abs at all because whatever workout one is doing is sufficient for abs.
I get confused on the ab issue all the time. What should a guy do when it comes to abs?
I have to say I am with you on keeping away from doctors. I haven’t been to a doctor in many years and I have never felt better in my life! HA!
I come to TFT because I am sold on the idea that my safety is my responsibility and I keep away from doctors and take responsibility for my own health as well. My medicine is my food and my food is my medicine.
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The moral of the story is NEVER GIVE UP, NEVER SAY DIE. If you work hard enough and keep the right frame of mind, you can recover from ALMOST anything…
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THANKS for sharing your thoughts. I look forward to reading your articles.
I am currently trying to get rid of some medial epicondilitis from my Working arm.
I am a full time tennis instructor, and i really can relate to injury managment. i am doing basic rehab forearm excercises like curls,reverse curls,pronation/supination with a 5lb.
dumbbell 20 reps ea. every other day. Ice after work.
any comments/tips?
thanks again,
Chris Yoder
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First, ALL movement creates a cardiovascular response to some effect, some more than others of course. I don’t believe that doing “cardio” is necessary at all unless:
1) You find that, in the course of everyday life, you don’t have enough endurance to get through your day
2) You’re invlved in a sport for which you do not have enough endurance for
3) you simply like doing it for whatever reason
Personally, I sometimes push my Avalanche for 1-minute intervals, but that’s about it. Maybe my lack of attention to “cardio” has harmed me in some way, but you wouldn’t know it by looking at my bloodwork, physique, or any other measure I can think of.
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I just read your article and it truly resonated with me, as I’m currently working through an injury of my own (a stress fracture in my foot). I whole-heartedly agree with almost everything you wrote, as the major points you make are all those that I espouse myself.
The assertions you make at the end are those I question (regarding jogging, ab work, and stretching). As a personal trainer, I believe a balanced approach to fitness is the absolute best approach – this being a measure of one’s Strength, Muscular Endurance, Cardio-respiratory Endurance, Stamina (both muscular & cardio-respiratory endurance combined), Speed, Power (combining strength & speed), and Flexibility.
In my 20′s, I focused mainly on body building. I had incredible strength, power, and some muscular endurance, but was very much deficient in the other aspects of fitness. In my early 30′s I took up triathlon, and found a new love – and a sport which arguably incorporates and requires a true balance of these 7 aspects of fitness for success.
With regard to jogging… I actually do agree with you in a sense: I am not a fan of jogging, but I am a strong advocate of RUNNING. There is a difference! (But as far as a vegan diet… ABSOLUTELY NOT!) What I would very much like to know is: have you read “Born to Run” by Christopher McDougall? I would be interested in your thoughts on the author’s conclusions regarding the idea that the human body is in fact genetically designed for running. And when performed properly, it is in fact one of the best forms of cardio-respiratory exercise. (And for some of us, it is actually something we truly love doing – for me, it’s very relaxing & meditative.)
Ab work… Like another gentleman commented on, I would be interested in knowing what you recommend for strengthening the core. I could care less about having a six-pack, but having a strong core is vital.
Stretching… I basically agree that full range of motion resistance training (properly performed) will greatly promote strength & flexibility simultaneously. I am also absolutely sold on Bikram yoga. It is one of the best modalities for promoting a balance of most of the aspects of fitness (it does lack speed & power). I believe it is also one of the most beneficial activities for actually HEALING the body. I’d like to know if you’ve ever tried Bikram yoga; and if so, your thoughts on it?
Thank you very much for your articles & your time.
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I haven’t read that book, but have heard of it — our ancestors walked a lot, interspersed with short bouts of sprinting, climbing, resting., etc. So if you feel compelled to do any type of endurance exercise, I’d mimic that pattern— it’s more muscle-sparing than jogging and is more “functional” to everyday lfe
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Thanks. I understand what you are saying, however due to a bad knee it has allowed me to do squats that I could not have before and it is getting better. So has been effective for the current conditions. Will have to look at the other alternatives as I make more progress.
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Once and for all, I can drop the ab discussion. You’ve cleared up all the confusion.
Sometimes even more important than figuring out what a guy needs in a workout (or anything else in life for that matter) — is figuring out what he doesn’t need!
No more ab nonsense for me, please!
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At just a couple of months short of 60 years old, I’ve been running for more than half my life. Perhaps I’m some kind of freak or outlier, but I’ve been training to compete for most of that time, often logging upwards of 70 miles per week with a couple of harder sessions most weeks. If there is any gender re-assignment coming, I haven’t seen any hint of it yet.
I would agree with you on the parts about avoiding or minimizing traditional stretching as it’s generally done;
and I also agree that sit-ups and crunches are mostly a waste of time. I do, however, find value in dynamic core strength exercises, so I’m not sure if you’re including those as a problem activity. Also, I certainly find that it’s a good idea to include general strength training and dynamic flexibility to one’s fitness regimen.
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Thanks for the great article and very timely for me. I had both knees replaced in 2005, along with lumbar fusion and C7-T1 surgery. Not a good year for me. All arthritis related. I am not 72, upright and still hiking in the mountains and hunting. My right knee is giving me trouble by what appears to be overextension. Went to my ortho surgeon this week and he said the knee was still perfect and what was happening was that my right quad muscle was weak, possibly from nerve damage. I was going to start a muscle strengthing program but did not know where to start. I shall start the routine you used and see what happens. Thanks again.
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Thank you very much,
Jeff
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Thanks for your input and will hopefully hear back from you,
Jeff
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However (and I’m thinking of creating a video tutorial for everyone on this subject), the key to proper squatting is to SIT BACK and down, the same way you would naturally sit back into a chair. This requires that you lean forward a bit— most people tend to try and perform the squat by flexing the knees and not leaning forward— this is inefficient and unsafe.
Oh, and skip the leg extensions.
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If you never do a specific thing very often, you never get good at it- this is the downside of excessive variation. If you do a specific thing too much however, your results tend to plateau and there is also the danger of over-use injuries.
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You’ve indicated that a mix of walking and sprinting/running is less of a problem. Do you have any suggestions on a method of getting where I need to be faster than walking, but without the wear and tear of running.
Oh, and biking is out as the streets are iced over much of the year, and my cleats give me superior traction to any tire modifications I’ve run across.
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In your case (I don’t know the distances you jog) jogging might in fact be the best solution. I’d suggest adding a strength-training component as well however.
To add to this, if folks reading this think that jogging “works” (whatever “works” means for you), I have no issue. If you simply like jogging for whatever reason, again, I have no issue. If you’re a competitive endurance athlete (distance running and/or triathalon for example), then you may in fact need to jog. BUT if you’ve been lead to believe that jogging is the answer for weight loss but have found out otherwise, You’re the person I’m trying to reach!
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Thank you for the reply.
Do you have anything specific exercises in mind that would help shore up areas over(or under)-used by jogging/running multiple times per day (4 on a slow day, 10 on a crazy day), generally in bursts of about 2-3 miles per?
Thanks again.
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Thank you for the info you’ve been giving on TFT. I am a 68 year old retired Firefighter. I broke the pars connection between L4 and L5 in my back several years ago. I have lifted weights since I was 16 for most of my life and continue to do so in spite of the back injury. ( Doctors wanted to fuse my lumbar spine but I wouldn’t go for that) I continue to lift and while my back is stiff most of the time I function very well. I’ve never gotten big lifting but have stayed strong. I do partial deadlifts for my back (4 inches below the knees in a power rack) Do you have any suggestions to reduce the stiffness? I was doing crunches, leg raises and bridging for the abs, but since reading your articles and feedback am cutting that out. Also was stretching a lot but am quiting that too.
Any suggestions on the stiff back would be appreciated.
Thank you.
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I wouldn’t NECESSARILY discontinue stretching just yet- it would depend on your unique needs and what stretches you’re doing. My point really is that many people stretch for no other reason than “because you’re supposed to stretch.” I’m simply trying to tet folks to apply some analysis to what they do- in other words, WHY am I stretching?
Bridges are probably fine but I would discontinue crunches and leg raises- that alone might reduce your stiffness.
Partial deads MAY be a good idea, but depends on your technical ability, etc..I’d need to assess you in order to give you a clearer answer to questions like this…
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A few weeks ago I injured my shoulder doing flat bench presses. I lowered the weight fine burst the beginning of the press I heard a ripping sound and my right shoulder gave out. An MRI showed a full thickness tear in the rotator cuff. The orthopedist, however, disputed the MRI results and said it was impingement arthritis. I am unable to do any type of pressing movements at this time. Will deadlifts help to strengthen my shoulder? The doc said I should not do them but they don’t cause any pain. Are there other exercises I can do to help with just a basic free weight system and lat cables.
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I agree with everything you have said.
I was raised on strength training from an early age. I have had injuries including a cervical injury due to a car wreck in my teens. Although I have adjusted my choice of exercises to accomodate my injuries I have not stopped training.
I had a lapse in judgement back in 1994. I decided to run a marathon as a personal challenge. I lost quite a bit of muscle mass as a result of the training. I experienced knee, foot, and ankle pain for the first time.
Since then I have gotten back into strength training and have made consistent gains. In spite of sitting at a desk for most of the day (lawyer) I feel great at age 54.
I look forward to your articles. Welcome to TFT.
tom o.
PS. I just re-watched the dvd from your 2005 Annual Training Summit. I can not believe how much value you pack into one program.
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Isometric training is of limited value for most people. Since there is no eccentric (lengthening) phase, you won’t increase lean muscle mass, and the strength you acquire tends to be limited to the angle(s) you train at.
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Sorry about the disconnected responses, the ‘Reply to Comment’ appears to be busted for me.
Morgen
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Your thoughts on running make me chuckle and smile- you describe me. I am nursing an ankle injury form excess uphill trail running. I have since dumped running like a bad habit. I enjoy total fitness such as obstacle courses and had fun with Warrior Dash- but not enough obstacles and too much running. What is the best way to train if goals are: attack life like military obstacle course: run when need to, climbing, balance, scale, leap, jump, etc.
Also- am interested in 45min phone time/consult if I am not too tardy with reply. Thanks. Keep up good work: Mr Staley and TFT crew.
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Thanks for the article.
natalie
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The Vegan thing is a contentious issue that I prefer to avoid for the moment – suffice it to say that I believe we are FAR better off eating meat and animal-source protein.
My colleague Dr. Stuart McGill has over 300 peer-reviewed studies which convincingly demonstrate that sit-ups are destructive to the lumbar spine. Just as you’ll occasionally find an 80-year old smoker who has experienced no apparent harm from his habit, you’ll also sometimes find people who seem unharmed from performing various dangerous exercises. I’d strongly suggest dropping sit-ups from your regimin….
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Also, what do you think of this workout: http://artofmanliness.com/2008/01/08/every-man-every-day-should-do-these-exercises/
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Thanks for Reading my note
Tom
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