
For my first post here at Target Focus Training I thought I’d share my responses to 7 fitness-related questions that I’m commonly asked when people learn that I’m a fitness “expert.”
These questions reflect several common misconceptions that many people hold about fitness and the process of acquiring it. My hope is that my responses clear up some of your own questions and perhaps inspire some additional inquiry of your own.
If you’d like your own question in a future blog post, please send it to [email protected]!
1) “What do you think of that new “Insanity” workout?
This was recently asked of me by an employee at the Apple Store when he learned that I’m a fitness coach. I told him that sane workouts are a far better alternative. One of the most limiting attitudes people hold regarding fitness is the idea that the more it hurts the better it must be. While discomfort is the often unavoidable outcome of getting out of your comfort zone, it shouldn’t be a barometer for assessing the value of a workout.
Instead, focus on your performance: if you own your own business, you know that you get paid on what you produce, not how much work it took to produce it. Try thinking this way in the gym and you’ll be much better off.
2) “Am I too old to do this stuff?”
Whatever your situation, you can improve it. When I first started training my client Gene Lawrence (now 72 and setting World Records in master’s powerlifting), we found that he didn’t have the necessary shoulder mobility to perform a squat, one of the 3 contested lifts in his new-found athletic pursuit. Stretching didn’t help – over the years, work-related falls and motorcycle accidents left Gene with stubborn scar tissue that restricted his range of motion. Ultimately, he decided to have elective surgery to fix the problem, and as of this writing, Gene has squatted 242 pounds in official competition.
I’m not suggesting that such extreme measures are always necessary or even prudent, but my point here is that Gene took matters into his own hands when most people were telling him that he was too old and should just accept his fate. Often we’re more limited by our attitudes about our situation, not the situation itself.
3) “Is lifting free weights bad for my back?”
For most people who perform these movements correctly, no. There are risks of course — for example, some individuals have lumbar injury histories and/or spinal defects that make certain free weight movements contra-indicated. Any competent fitness professional can assess your individual risk profile, but in general, healthy people of any age lifting properly can squat and deadlift without fear of back injury. In fact, my experience with older novice clients leads me to the conclusion that these very movements actually have the potential to resolve nagging orthopedic complaints.
4) “How can I get to the point where I can see my abs?”
Lose the excess fat. This is achieved by dialing in your nutrition and building additional muscle over your entire body, not by doing cardio and following the HCG diet.
At left: My ab development at age 51.
I lift heavy weights 3-4 days a week and try to limit my carbohydrate intake to 100 grams or less per day.
No ab exercises or cardio.
Trust me, I love to eat and am not obsessive about diet in any way.
There are just certain “rules” that must be followed if you want to be lean enough to see your abs.
5) “Do I really need to stretch?”
Not necessarily. I never “stretch” personally because the resistance-training movements I practice require large range of motion in all major joints. That being said, some orthopedic issues and postural deficiencies can benefit from specific stretches. Only a personalized functional assessment can provide detailed answers to this question.
6) “If you could do only one exercise, what would it be?”
Like many fitness-related questions, a useful answer to this requires context: what are your goals, restrictions, etc. That being said, if I was forced to pick a single exercise, it would be the barbell deadlift. This relatively simple movement requires little space and equipment, but offers tremendous rewards in functional strength, lean mass, lifting mechanics, grip strength, core stability, low-back injury-proofing, and posterior chain recruitment. As a young healthy male, if you can deadlift twice your bodyweight, I’d consider you “strong.” Women who can lift 1.5 times bodyweight earn the same status.
Below: A link to me deadlifting 367 pounds for a set of 10 reps a few weeks ago (the video guy missed the 10th). This was very difficult but I had no pain of any kind, and the next morning I felt completely fresh. This is how workouts should feel.
[Tim Larkin note: Do NOT try this until you've learned how to deadlift correctly. Charles will talk about that more later. The deadlift is simple but form is everything... and most people haven't a clue how to do it correctly (even the so-called 'best').]
7) “Do you have any injuries from all the heavy lifting you do?”
Yup. My shoulders bug me occasionally, and my left elbow no longer fully extends — I have no idea why but I assume it’s from years of lifting. My knees, hips, are all great so I guess I’m prone to upper-body issues.
That being said, even with my various injuries, I’m much stronger, and carry significantly more muscle than most of my peers in their 50’s. So I have absolutely no regrets for the many rewarding hours I’ve spent in the gym!
Until Next Time…
–Charles Staley
Guest TFT Strength & Conditioning columnist
PS. I hope these seven questions serve to inspire some new directions in your thinking about fitness, but either way, I know they’ll lead to additional questions. On my next installment we’ll talk about strength – what it is, why you need it, and how to get it — quickly and safely!
And, for those of you with restrictions (from minor to severe), I’ll be addressing your needs as well.



I severely injured my lower back. Specifically a disc rupture between L5-S1. I had to have surgery. Because of my work this area was injured repeatedly over a course of 6 years. I am now not supposed to lift any more than 10 lbs. There are times that I do lift more sometimes without pain and sometimes with pain that requires bed rest for several days.
How can I protect this area of my back and get back into a routine of better conditioning my body. I want to increase my leg strenght and that of my upper body but be able to strenghten and protect my injured area.
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It always feels like a cop-out to say this, but the truth remains— injuries are as unique as the people who suffer from them. Cliff (who posted below) has a similar injury and seems to have found a work-around. For you, the key will be learning correct lifting mechanics and developing significant abdominal strength-endurance for starters. Possibly some hip mobility work as well— only a hands-on assessment would give me the answers.
GENERALLY speaking, you want to avoid all forms of crunches and sit-ups (no one should really do these anyway). Also resist the urge to stretch your low back. The key to safe movement for low-back pain sufferers is to maintain a “neutral” spine while moving from the knees, hips, and ankles. Also avoid long-term static seated positions as much as possible —keep moving as much as you can.
I feel compelled to comment about your doctor’s absurd comment about not lifting more than 10 pounds. Since I assume you weigh more than that, you’re already lifting far more than what your doctor recommends many times each day. Further, lifting 10 pounds in a squat is a FAR different thing than lifting 10 pounds in a curl or an overhead press. So frankly I find his advice both vague and impractical.
I hope this held to give you a bit of clarification, but please follow up if you’d like. In an upcoming post, I’ll be sharing my thoughts about how to both prevent and deal with existing injuries.
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Thank you very much for your input. I have lifted more than 10 lbs. on a regular basis and since I weigh 185 lbs. I see your point. It was my neurosurgeon that placed that limit. The constantly moving is the other problem. Due to the surgery it left the majority of my left foot numb. Walking like going to the grocery store makes my legs hurt extremely bad. Most of the time I use forearm crutches. I have a magnetic pedal machine that I use to keep the circulation up in my legs. Thank you again for your swift and accurate reply.
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Several breathing techniques from the Qi Gong arts, from Dr. Yang of YMAA, are also legitimate on this score. There are several ways to use Chinese traditional medicine: massage, external intake of vitamins, hormones, or nutrients, self healing through internal breathing cycles, and acupuncture. The skill levels is entirely based upon the individual user in question. Some can work minor miracles. Others are quacks, but then again, one can always try one’s own hand at it if trust is hard to come by. In that venue, Dr. Yang has much to teach concerning that path.
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I’m not sure if you’re saying that you disagree with every opinion I expressed, or just some of them. But on one thing we DO agree, which is that you do not need to kill yourself in the gym — this has been my rallying cry for years.
Regarding yoga, I find your comments difficult to address, since, just like martial arts, if you trained under 100 instructors, you’d have 100 entirely different experiences. I do like some forms of yoga, namely those that emphasize strength development over large range of motions.
“Tone” is a meaningless term for me personally, since you can be fat with tones muscles, or lean with untoned muscles. Muscles can only get bigger or smaller- there are no other possible adaptations that I am aware of.
I also agree that posture is critical— and posture nearly always depends on strength. I teach it though resistance training skills.
I despise both diet and exercise incidentally, as most people do.
Thanks for your comments!
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Attention to posture has been helpful to me. Always push the top of your head straight up. It straightens everything else and keeps bones and muscles positioned for their designed capacity.
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I will be 70 this year, am about 15-20 lbs.overweight.
Have had both knees replaced, would love to go back to martial arts. Among other considerations, am quite concerned about the fake knees, both as to damaging the prosthetic, as well as perhaps shattering the bone to which it is attached. The Dr. said I could run or play tennis, but when I mentioned martial arts, he wouldn’t comment.
Any comments relevant to us old guys would be especially appreciated.
Thanks,
Victor Wood
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My name ia Bam Bam in 1999 I had a total knee replacement. I asked my surgeon about Martial Arts he would not comment I did not listen to him. I am now a 7 th degree black belt I was a 4 th at the time of surgery. If I had listened to my surgeon I would now be dead. (read comment further down on this thread) I slowed down my kicks on the operated leg and quit sparring 2 things that are suggested in TFT’s type of training. It was the mental clarity that allowed me to mend from a life threatening disease 11 years later. I don’t know if you have read up on any of the TFT methodology if not get started A.S.A.P. and you’ll realize it’s not the Martial Arts you are looking for. It is a sense of self preservation and peace that only a system that teaches no rules apply applications and targeting in real life scenarios. Sincerely Jeff”Bam Bam” Voorhies. I am not affiliated in any way with TFT I am a 60 year old student of “Hard Knocks”
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As for martial arts, I’d look for an instructor who can train you safely with your unique needs in mind. MA can be difficult because you can’t always control your circumstances (another reason I like resistance training).
Respect your injuries, but do not allow them to define you— I know of at least 2 competitive powerlifters with knee replacements who full squat over 400 pounds. I’m not necessarily saying this is the path you should take, but most of us opertate well under our capabilities, even with artificial joints.
(Potential New Year’s relation for you- stop calling them your “fake: knees! You need to make friends with that area of your body again!)
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Short and positive answers to the questions.
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I would just like to thank Tim Larkin for all the good information that you pass along via your emails. And once again you have provided useful information by adding Mr. Charles Staley to those who will pass along helpful information. I appreciate your efforts and look forward to the information to come.
Thank you
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Looking forward to continuing the conversation!
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Thank you again.
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Personally, I view carbohydrates as entertainment, not nutrition — most people eat way more than they aught to, including me sometimes. On a 2600-3000 kcal diet, I TRY for about 100 grams or less of carbs per day, about 200-250 grams of protein, and the rest comes from fat of course. I typically eat a stick of butter and 6-8 whole eggs a day BTW.
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Thank you,
Brian
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I generally eat 3-4 large meals per day, but it can vary. Again I’m not obsessive, but there are certain “rules” I try to adhere to.
I’m 52, 6-1, 215, and yes, my weight is pretty stable.
Hope that helps…
Carbs are very good for glycogen in muscles.
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Thanks for joining the TFT family. I loved your first blog and can’t wait to read more! Thanks for sharing your knowledge with us.
Jeff
Age 59
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Just wanted to say that 2-3 years ago I was listening to a podcast you made. Your comments had a profound impact on me, as a trainer. I just wanted to thank you for that.
You have a gift for producing very valuable comments and the above are no exception.
Looking forward to see more articles from you Charles.
All the best
Anthony
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Actually I am using the link in Tim’s newsletter. I have no idea how to find the blog itself. Actually, I am a computer idiot, if not a computer phobe. I’m also 69, 5′ 1″,155 lbs,and in fairly poor shape, by the way.
Brian
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I am plesed to have you added to Tim Larkin’s blogs. At 56 years of age, I am now studying Kung Fu and Tai Chi. I enjoy both immensely, but because of numerous injuries, there are movements I either find myself unable to do or conduct in limited proportions. Five knee surgeries, each shoulder worked on, carpal tunnel in my right arm, and a torn left hamstring that never healed properly. I look forward to any information you can supply in your blogs. I don’t know what “normal” is anymore as pretty much all joints either ache, feel tight, or have pain. Welcome aboard!
Doug Nelson
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That said, an orthopedic surgeon friend of mine just LOVES P90X for all the patients it brings him.
Now of course, maybe (former stand-up comedian) Tony Horton’s products really aren’t a random mis-mash of things like plyometrics, yoga, martial arts, Zumba, sprinting drills, and who knows what else all strung together for the sole purpose of making you feel like you got a great workout. Maybe “muscle confusion” isn’t a well-understood, decades-old idea that has little practical value. And maybe Beach Body offerings are a well-thought-out, scaleable, progressive program that offers long-term results without the need for a super-low calorie diet.
But I’m not betting on it.
There are lots of ways to feel like you got your ass kicked, but far fewer ways to safely make actual adaptations in motor capacity that lead to better health and functioning.
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I know Tim and his instructors emphasize that for proficiency in TFT, bigger\stronger\faster is not at all important. However, I would surmise that it would not hurt. Having experienced TFT could you devise an effective routine that would aid somebody who is very focused on TFT and experienced in strength training?
Welcome to the site.
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In an upcoming post I’ll delve into the type of physical preparation (I.e., “training”) I would recommend for TFT practitioners.
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The legs must hold up the body, even if you are using one leg, plus the other guy’s force. You must be able to use the side thigh muscles, meaning the ones you use when doing one legged piston squats at the low end. Balance must be maintained which means excellent hip, torso, and leg muscle control.
I would probably not use free weights for these exercises, only body weight conditioning as close to the actual physical motion as possible.
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Thank you for the great information, Charles!
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You must be very please he’s joined you! rcr
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1) No squat rack needed
2) no need for spotters.
3) Deadlifting encourages/reinforces posterior-chain recruitment/hip dominance. Many, many people are too knee-dominant, including some of the folks who’ve replied to this post (have a look).
4) Deadlifting grooves proper lifting technique…real world functional application
5) Deadlift prowess is easier to define and document. When someone tells me they squat 400 pounds, often what they mean is that they did a curtsy while wearing powerlifting-style support suits wraps, etc. If someone does a 400-pound deadlift, they did a 400-pound deadlift, and I pretty much know what that means. True, they might have used bad form, but they did in fact lift a 400-pound barbell from the floor to a standing position.
6) Deadlifts involve greater muscular recruitment than squats overall— they require grip strength and upper-back stability for example.
7) Deadlifts can form the fundamental skills for other movements such as the Olympic lifts.
Hope that helps to clarify my stance, but trust me, I’m a big squat fan as well…
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With so many of you writing in with health/injury issues, I’ve decided that I’m going to do an extensive post on this subject in the very near future- stay tuned!
I don’t typically put a lot of emphasis on “cardio” per se, since I don’t think it has a favorable risk/benefit profile for the majority of us. Many people (and this doesn’t necessarily mean you) just assume everyone “should” have a cardio component of their workout— I disagree, and do not do any form of cardio myself. If you can do the things you want/need to do without becoming significantly winded, you have enough endurance capacity. By the way doing cardio is not necessary for heart health nor is it an efficient way to lose unwanted body fat.
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First, I have to strongly agree on the deadlift comments. In the squat, more can be gained by equipment, playing with stances and leverages, bar placement etc. 30 years ago when I first picked up a weight, I pulled 370 but got stapled to the floor by a 225 squat. so, for me anyway, the deadlift was a more natural movement.
Also, note Barry Ross’s success using the deadlift with his sprinters, namely Allyson Felix.
Mike Boyle had good comments on the weighted sled push but again, equipment required and room to push.
I believe that a deadlift, pushpress and chin combination will take care of most strength and functional needs, especially if you add sprints to the conditioning portion of your training.
Secondly, one of your most eye opening articles was the Joel Senate project a few years ago. I was amazed by the progress that you helped him gain with his front squat. This is an article that I would love to see again.
Thirdly, you have confirmed my thoughts on the 100 carb diet. This will be put into play in the next week or so. I too, am 51 so the photo in this article was a good motivator.
Thanks for article, Charles and thank you Tim and group for the information that you have provided.
Mike T. TFT New York, 2005
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This is about cardio fitness. I’m a male of 69 years. Resting pulse is 56, blood pressure well within range, 185# at 5-9″ (& should lose 25#)
I have no trouble trotting the local gentle hills–with light interval sprints thrown in–for 25 or 30 minutes, and have gone 90 minutes.
BUT at the beginning of any HEAVY aerobic exercise–say, carrying a load up a long hill–I become very rapidly short of breath. (No chest pains or other heart phenomena.)
Is this due to insufficient residual O2 in the bloodstream available for immediate use?
Does the heart not “realize” soon enough it’s supposed to ramp up to deliver more O2?
Got any thoughts?
Thanks in advance. And thanks for your pointers on this page.
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Yes, your approach works great. It allows me to “ramp up” to some great heart-pumpin’, vein-cleanin’ cardio levels on our local hills or in the pool. And it seems a very smart safety precaution, too.
Here is my concern. In life, or in trouble, one may have to exert max effort without being able to warm up. Any ideas on what one can to to not be out of breath and panting after two minutes of pushing a car up a hill, or carrying a ten-year-old up a couple of flights of stairs, or perhaps defending oneself?
In other words, any ideas what one might do to ramp up those residual O2 levels so a guy isn’t panting and O2-depleted so fast?
Thanks again. Great to have someone more knowledgeable to bounce these ideas around with!
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Conceptually, you need to increase your “margin” I think. For example, I now am able to deadlift 400 pounds without any type of warmup at all. I acquired this ability by working on my deadlift to the point to where I could lift 500 pounds WITH a warmup. 400 pounds is only 80% of 500, which means I can pull that without a warmup. So barring some type of cardiovascular issue, you should be able to solve this by simply increasing your specific fitness levels.
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The trap bar is OK, but I’ll admit I’m partial to the straight bar for a few different reasons:
1) Logistics: You can do many movements on a straight bar, but only one on a trap bar
2) Skill acquisition: I like my students to know how to use a straight bar, given it’s versatility
3) Hip dominance: Trap bars encourage more knee involvement than I prefer, and therefore does not train the posterior chain adequately
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What lifters don’t often realize is that the actual movement is NOT the key. The key is max resistance and intensity. Of course adequate recovery (quality sleep) is critical for gains.
Now if I could just tackle diet.
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I’ve never heard of factor principles to be honest, but while intensity is important, so too are frequency, volume, density, proper biomechanics, and so on — for example, if you’ve got everything else dialed in but your frequency is incorrect, you will not make progress. Same goes for the other components.
As for diet, it’s not terribly difficult to learn the correct approach, but it does require a bit of discipline to carry it out
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I appreciate your perspective on all this and am enjoying your posts. Thank you for making good sense more common. I, too, am a lover of deadlifts. They pack a lot of bang for the buck, and the strength has great practical transfer to regular life strength needs.
In regard to your dietary fat intake, do you use butter and eggs from free range, naturally fed or organic sources? i.e., High quality fats for optimum endogenous hormone production. I’m guessing that if you are, in combination to your relatively low carb diet, your blood lipid and cholesterol levels must be very good, even without traditional cardio. Which flies in the face of what many people have been taught to think about fats, carbs, cardio and their relationship to cholesterol, etc.
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I do eat free range/organic eggs/butter from time to time nut not as a general rule. I’m honestly not convinced that the benefits are worth the costs, as unpopular as that opinion might be these days.
But yes, but blood values are all very good, I haven’t had my cholesterol looked at in a bout a year (I’m not a believer in the lipid hypothesis which says eating saturated fats -> high cholesterol -> heart disease), but about 18 months ago is was 184 I believe, my resting pulse ia about 56, BP about 118/76, etc., etc
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I am a 57 year old male with a total knee replacement on the left and a partial replacement on the right. I am a UPS driver and I get in and out of my truck approximately 150 time per day. I feel weaker now than at any other time in my life and I keep gaining weight (fat). I have full ROM on the right knee and have lost 7 degrees of flexion on the left. Doing nothing is not working, I thought when I went back to work I would lose the weight and regain my strength. I need to do something different. Any suggestions?
Richard
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It’s difficult to responsibly comment on your specific situation, but I’ll give you a few thoughts to chew on….
If you’ve got something like a knee replacement, where doctors will tell you (for example) not to lift weights, they are doing so in order to protect the appliance, which I fully understand, That said however, you have to strike a balance when it comes to applying stress to the body – too much stress may shorten the life of the knee, but too little stress leaves you weak and impairs body composition because you lose muscle.
If it was me, I’d talk to the docs, I’d do my research, and I’d very likely engage in some type of resistance training to improve strength and body composition while at the same time minimizing stress to the knees. The fact that you read and replied to this blow shows that you are beginning to explore your options, which is a good thing.
Incidentally, I have much less flexion that you do in my right knee from a total-open synovectomy which was done in 1986!
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Richard
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I’ve read your work with great interest. Hello, density training.
I believe you also wrote an article called “Mixed Qualities Training for Anaerobic Events.” This interested me because I was a high school wrestler and am still interested in grappling.
I have seen many S&C Coaches stress the importance of strength. Power and endurance are good too, but unless you’re strong first then don’t mess with plyos or power training. Well, I’m sort of paraphrasing. They all have me worried that I should never lift for higher reps or ever do any long running sessions either.
If I had one goal, other than health, I guess it would be to be able to walk on the wrestling mat or into a fight for that matter and know that I’m never going to gas out.
I recently learned about how important glute activation is to athletic performance. Who knew? And, strong hip flexors may be more important than some ever thought.
A functional assessment considering posture, gait, strengths, weaknesses, mobility, etc. sounds interesting. I don’t know if the average person needs that or not.
Anyway, it’s cool to have you posting articles here.
Thank you.
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I love the strength I get from weightlifting, but I have back problems and it makes me hurt too much, do I rely on lifting my own bodyweight. It causes me no pain.
Maybe I will finally try the kettlebells. I’ve heard of people getting great results with those without pain.
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